California Highways

1. Route 395 near Coleville to Route 88 via the vicinity of Markleeville.

   
   

   	In 1963, this segment was defined as "(a) Route 395 near Coleville to Route 50 near Meyers via the vicinity of Markleeville." In 1986, Chapter 928 split (a) into two parts: "(a) Route 395 near Coleville to Route 88 via the vicinity of Markleeville. (b) Route 88 near Picketts Junction to Route 50 near Meyers." The portion between the two segments was transferred to Route 88.
   	This segment was part of LRN 23. The portion between US 395 and Markleeville was defined in 1909; the remainder was defined in 1911.
   	In May 2008, the CTC considered relinquishment of right of way in the county of Shasta, at County Road No. 9S01 (McArthur Road), consisting of a reconstructed and relocated county road.
   	The segment from Route 4 to Route 88 is named the "Alpine State Highway". It was named by Resolution Chapter 468 in 1911. This segment also had the historic name of the "Big Trees Highway". The segment from the Alpine/Mono County line to the junction of Route 89 and Route 4 is named the "Robert M. Jackson Memorial Highway". This segment was named in memory of Robert M. Jackson, who was born in Sacramento, California on September 21, 1912. His family moved to Markleeville in Alpine County when he was two weeks old and remained there until 1924 when they moved to Los Angeles County. Robert M. Jackson returned every summer to Alpine county to work at the historic Alpine Hotel. In 1942 Robert M. Jackson enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps. He was stationed in Texas, Brazil, and finally in the Ascension Islands. After being discharged in 1945, he returned to Markleeville where he built the home he lived in for the rest of his life. In October 1946, Robert M. Jackson began work with the Alpine County Public Works Department, where he spent more than 30 years surveying, engineering, constructing, and realigning many of the county and state highway routes of today. Robert M. Jackson's most significant accomplishment was the completion of Route 89 over Monitor Pass in the early 1950's. This 18-mile span traverses both Alpine and Mono counties, and is a mountainous road reaching elevations in excess of 8500 feet. The original road grade was crooked and steep, as much as 17% in some places. The majority of the survey work done by Robert M. Jackson was on horseback. Alpine County and the Department of Transportation cooperated for 7 years to complete the project, which was dedicated on September 12, 1954. Robert M. Jackson retired from Alpine County in 1973, after 27 years of service. He remained in Alpine County until his death on May 12, 2004. Named by Senate Concurrent Resolution (SCR) 57, Resolution Chapter 27, on 4/21/2006.

   
   

2. Route 88 near Picketts Junction to Route 50 near Meyers.

   
   

   	In 1963, the first segment of Route 89 was defined as "(a) Route 395 near Coleville to Route 50 near Meyers via the vicinity of Markleeville." In 1986, Chapter 928 split (a) into two parts: "(a) Route 395 near Coleville to Route 88 via the vicinity of Markleeville. (b) Route 88 near Picketts Junction to Route 50 near Meyers." The portion between the two segments was transferred to Route 88.
   	This segment was part of LRN 23, and was defined in 1911.

   
   

3. Route 50 near May's Junction to Route 80 via Tallac, Emerald Bay, McKinney's, Tahoe City, and the Truckee River.

   
   

   	This segment is the original (b) from 1963.
   	This segment was part of LRN 38, defined in 1911. Originally, Route 80 (I-80) was US 40.
   	There are plans to construct roadway improvements between the El Dorado County Line to Route 28. This project is fully funded in the 2006 SHOPP. The total estimated project cost is $85,300,000. Construction is estimated to begin in FY 2007-08. The project will involve the removal of mature vegetation and the disturbance of existing wetlands. In addition, changes in the visual character of the area in the form of new lighting resulted in a Mitigated Negative Declaration being completed for this project.
   	The portion of the route between Truckee and Tahoe City is named the "10th Mountain Division Memorial Highway". The 10th Mountain Division of the United States Army, consisting of 15,000 soldiers, served gallantly in the Italian campaign during World War II. It had many members from Sierra County. Named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 43, Chapter 106, in 1997.
   	Near Alpine Meadows Road is the "Allexey Waldemar Von Schmidt Historical Plaque". It was designated by Senate Concurrent Resolution 75, Chapter 105, in 1992. Allexy Waldemar Von Schmidt was a 19th century Russian immigrant and civil engineer whose survey helped establish the border between California and Nevada.

   
   

4. Route 80 near Truckee to Route 70 near Blairsden.

   
   

   	This segment is the original (c) from 1963. The route between Satley and Sierraville is signed as Route 49, although it is legislatively Route 89. This results in signs for 49 North and 89 South ... and the reverse of this going the other way.
   	This segment was part of LRN 83, defined in 1933. Originally, Route 70 was Alternate US 40.
   	A bypass for Route 267 around the Route 89/Route 267 interchange in Truckee was completed in 2004 to get all the Tahoe-bound traffic out of central Truckee. The Route 89 portion of the alignment is short; most of the bypass is for Route 267. The bypass includes a long viaduct across the Truckee River, which is visible as you come off the hill near the Central Truckee exit. This bypass is 2 lane expressway with sufficient right of way to expand it to 4 lanes when needed. From the old interchange, the east and west bound on ramp will remain to provide the town with direct highway access. In July 2002, the CTC considered for future funding a project to realign Route 89 near Clio in Plumas County. [2.2c.(5)] The SAFETEA-LU act, enacted in August 2005 as the reauthorization of TEA-21, provided the following expenditures on or near this route: High Priority Project #234: Widen Route 89 at the existing “mousehole” two lane RR underpass in Truckee. This has been a crusade of Rep. John Doolittle, according to the Sierra Sun. The narrow tunnel is heavily used by pedestrians headed to the Crossroads shopping center and bicyclists heading up and down Route 89. The Town of Truckee has taken the lead on the complicated project that involves Caltrans, Union Pacific Railroad, Nevada County and to some extent Placer County. Widening the existing passage, or building a second undercrossing, is saddled with the extra challenge of completing the work while railroad traffic continues on the tracks above.$2,827,744

   
   

5. Route 70 near Indian Falls to Route 36 near Deer Creek Pass.

   
   

   	This segment is the original (d) from 1963. The route between Blairsden and Indian Falls is cosigned as Route 70/Route 89, although it is legislatively Route 70.
   	This segment was part of LRN 83, defined in 1933. Originally, Route 70 was Alternate US 40.
   	This route is part of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway All American Road, between Route 147 and Route 36, and between Route 44 and I-5.

   
   

6. Route 36 near Morgan Summit to Lassen Volcanic National Park.

   
   

   	In 1963, this segment was defined as "(e) Route 36 near Morgan to Lassen Volcanic National Park." In 1984, Chapter 409 changed "Morgan" to "Morgan Summit". The route between Route 36 near Deer Creek Pass and Route 36 near Morgan Summit is cosigned as Route 36/Route 89, although it is legislatively Route 36.
   	This segment was part of LRN 83.
   	The continuation of this route through Lassen Volcanic National Park is occasionally closed in winter; a park fee is charged when it is open.

   
   

7. Route 44 to Route 5 near Mt. Shasta.

   
   

   	This segment is the original (f) from 1963.
   	This segment was part of LRN 83, defined in 1933.
   	In May 2008, the CTC considered approval for future consideration of funding a bridge replacement (Lake Britton Bridge) near McCloud for which a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) has been completed. The project will involve construction activities in an area that is habitat to three federally listed special-status species and one state species of special concern. These species include the Bald Eagle, Northern Spotted Owl, Rough Sculpin, and the Osprey.
   	On the northbound and southbound portions of Route 89, in the vicinity of mile post markers 89SHA36.00 and 89SHA41.00, in the unincorporated area of Shasta County, there are memorials in memory of "California Highway Patrol Officer Arthur E. Dunn". On July 9, 1977, while transporting a prisoner to jail on Route 89 in Shasta County, Officer Dunn was shot and killed by a prisoner. He had joined the California Highway Patrol in March 1963, graduated from the patrol academy and was assigned to the West Los Angeles area on July 5, 1963. He transferred to the Sacramento area on December 3, 1965, the Redding area on October 11, 1967, and was assigned to the Burney Resident Post in July 1968. The memorial was established in memory of Officer Dunn as a result of his steadfast dedication to the citizens of the State of California, and his commitment and contributions to the safety of the motoring public. Named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 85, Chapter 125, on August 21, 2002

This is all the original routing of Route 89, and dates back to the original signage of the route in 1934. The portion between US 395 and Route 4 was in the planning stages in 1935. The portion between Boca and Route 49 was under construction.

[SHC 253.1] Entire route. Added to the Freeway and Expressway system in 1959.

[SHC 263.1] Entire route.

This route was designated as a "Blue Star Memorial Highway" by Assembly Concurrent Resolution 111, Ch. 96 in 1986.

[SHC 164.14] Entire route.

• California @ AARoads: California 89

Overall statistics for Route 1:

• Total Length (1995): 243 miles
• Average Daily Traffic (1993): 400 to 17,800
• Milage Classification: Rural: 242; Sm. Urban 1; Urbanized: 0.
• Previous Federal Aid Milage: FAP: 243 mi.
• Functional Classification: Prin. Arterial: 108 mi; Minor Arterial: 135 mi.

• Significant Summits: Monitor Pass (8314 ft); Luther Pass (7740 ft).

• Counties Traversed: Mono, Alpine, El Dorado, Placer, Nevada, Sierra, Plumas, Tehama, Shasta, Siskiyou.

In 1933, a segment from "[LRN 49] near Middletown to [LRN 15] near Upper Lake via Lakeport" was added to the highway system. In 1935, this was defined to be LRN 89, with that same definition. This definition remained unchanged until the 1963 renumbering. This was originally (circa 1934) signed as part of Route 29; it is present-day Route 175 between Middletown and 4 mi SE of Kelseyville; cosigned Route 175/Route 29 (legislative Route 29) to 6 mi NW of Kelseyville, and Route 29 the remainder of the way to Route 20.

From Route 1 northwest of the Los Angeles International Airport to Route 91 in Santa Ana Canyon passing near La Habra, except for the portion within the city limits of Yorba Linda.

The relinquished former portion of Route 90 within the City of Yorba Linda is not a state highway and is not eligible for adoption [as a state highway]. The City of Yorba Linda shall ensure the continuity of traffic flow on the relinquished former portion of Route 90, including any traffic signal progression, as well as maintaining signs directing motorists to the continuation of Route 90.

In 1963, this route was defined as "Route 1 northwest of the Los Angeles International Airport to Route 605."

In 1965, Chapter 1330 transferred the portion from Route 605 to the junction of Routes 39 and the then Route 42 near La Habra were transferred from Route 42 (and thus, Route 90 gained the Yorba Linda freeway). This made the definition: "Route 90 is from Route 1 northwest of the Los Angeles International Airport to the junction of Routes 39 and 42 near La Habra." Chapter 1372 also amended the route that year, but appeared to make no other changes.

In 1968, Chapter 282 transferred more from Route 42 ("Route 39/Route 42 to Route 91"), making the definition "Route 1 northwest of the Los Angeles International Airport to Route 91 in Santa Ana Canyon passing near La Habra." As a personal footnote here: I remember distinctly driving with my brother on Route 90, right after it opened, sometime in 1968 or 1969.

In April 2002, AB 885 (Chapter 27, 4/23/2002) permitted the relinquishment of that portion of Route 90 in the city of Yorba Linda. Upon relinquishment, the relinquished portion (a) ceases to be a state highway; and (b) may not be considered for future adoption as a state highway. The City of Yorba Linda is required to ensure the continuity of traffic flow on the relinquished portion of Route 90 (including any traffic signal progressions), and must maintain signs directing motorists to the continuation of Route 90. This reliniquishment was done to permit the City of Yorba Linda to quickly assume and complete various construction and maintenance projects on the applicable portion of Route 90 that were underway in 2002 or in the planning and development stages.

In 2003, AB 1717 (Chapter 525, 9/25/2003) changed the legislative definition to reflect the relinquishment.

This route was unsigned in 1963. It did, however, have a legislative definition:

1. LRN 221, proposed, with no routing determined, between Lincoln Blvd and LRN 170 (future I-605). This corresponds to the remainder of the original Route 90 definition, and the unconstructed portion. The portion between Route 1 and I-110 was defined in 1947; the remainder in 1959.

2. LRN 176, which runs from the Route 42/LRN 170 (I-605) junction to Yorba Linda. This corresponds to the subsequently added portion of the route that used to be part of Route 42. It also helps to explain why the route was shown as it was on some maps. The portion between Route 39 and Route 91 was defined in 1933; the remainder in 1959.

Route 90 was not defined as part of the initial state signage of routes in 1934. It is unclear what (if any) route was signed as Route 90 between 1934 and 1964.

The portion from Inglewood to where Route 90 meets Route 39 is unsigned; small sections are freeway; orginally planned as freeway from Route 1 to Route 605 as the Marina-Slauson Freeway, with the remainder of the route (along Route 42) to have been the Yorba Linda Freeway.

There is a plan, on the western end, to extend the Marina Freeway west to Mindanao by building a full interchange and grade-separation at Culver.

According to the Daily Breeze in March 2006, Los Angeles County Public Works (see http://www.sr90admiraltyway.org/) has a plan to relieve clogged intersections in and around Marina del Rey by extending the Marina (Route 90) Freeway past Lincoln Boulevard, allowing motorists to bypass the busy thoroughfare on their way to the water (not all of this would be Caltrans, unless the legislative definition is changed). Note that portions of this would not be state highway; specifically, the portion W of Lincoln Blvd. This connector would provide a direct link to Admiralty Way, a four-lane road lined with boat storage, retailers and park space that circles the marina. An alternative being considered would widen Admiralty Way to handle heavier volumes of traffic from new and future residential developments. These projects are being planned at the county level, and would result in the addition of an exit at Lincoln Blvd. A draft environmental impact report is not expected to be finished until 2007, and construction isn't anticipated until at least 2011. The department is studying three options for a freeway connector, all of which would require the freeway to be realigned between Mindanao Way and Lincoln Boulevard:

• • The "Northern Alternative" would send a road through the Beverly Hills Rent-A-Car site on the west side of Lincoln Boulevard and a portion of Admiralty Park.

• The "Basin F Alternative" would send the connector road through part of a Toyota dealership site on the east side of Lincoln.

• The "Bali Way Alternative" would tie into the existing intersection of Lincoln and Bali Way. It would require the complete takeover of the Toyota dealership and could eliminate one parking spot from the Marina campus of the Centinela Freeman Healthsystem.

On the eastern end, there is currently a plan to extend the freeway portion of this route over Orangethorpe Avenue/Esperanza Road and the subsequent rail grade, due to increasing rail traffic. Also in the works are plans to expand this road using the old Pacific Electric right of way through Yorba Linda (construction has started in Yorba Linda). Brea also has expansion plans, and Placentia needs only to restripe the road (all .3 miles of it) when the expansion on either side is finished. Eventually, Imperial Highway will be 3 lanes between Route 39 and Santa Ana Canyon Road. However, as of 2004, it appears that funding problems have waylayed the Imperial Highway bridge over the BNSF grade that it crosses near Anaheim and unincorporated Yorba Linda.

As of August 2002, construction in Yorba Linda is complete. Dennis Carr reports that they even moved the remaining rail car down near Polly's Pies, at the crossing of Imperial Hwy and Lemon St, which as he understands it was the location of the old PE rail station in Yorba Linda. In June 2002, the CTC had on its agenda the relinquishment of 12-Ora-90-KP 12.87/16.25 and KP 16.25/18.91 in the City of Yorba Linda. This is likely the original highway bypassed by the new construction.

The SAFETEA-LU act, enacted in August 2005 as the reauthorization of TEA-21, provided the following expenditures on or near this route:

• High Priority Project #1915: Construct and improve medians and drainage on Imperial Highway from west border to east border of city in La Mirada. $1,360,000.

The segment of this freeway from Route 1 to Route 91 (although it is not all constructed to freeway standards) is named the "Marina Freeway". It was named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 56, Chapter 25 in 1976. The Marina Freeway opened in 1968.

Between 1971 and 1976, the entire route (adopted and unadopted portions) was named the "Richard M Nixon" Freeway. Richard Nixon was the 37th President of the United States. Born in California in 1913, Nixon had a brilliant record at Whittier College and Duke University Law School before beginning the practice of law. He served as both a congressman and a senator from California, and was Vice President under President Eisenhower. He was elected president in 1968, and served until he resigned in 1974. For more details, consult his official biography or visit the Richard M Nixon Library. A snippit from the Los Angeles times shows the resolution was past in the August-September 1971 timeframe, and was authored by Assemblyman John Briggs (R-Fullerton). Briggs sought the naming because the potential freeway would run through Whitter (where Nixon grew up) and end in Yorba Linda (where he was born).

This was originally to have been named the Marina-Slauson Freeway, and would have run to I-605.

The portion of this route constructed to freeway standards in Orange County is named the "Yorba Linda" Freeway, and opened in 1970. It was named by location.

The portion of the former freeway in Yorba Linda has been renamed the Richard Nixon Parkway by the Yorba Linda City Council. They recently finished an upgrade project, funded by the City of Yorba Linda, which turned the Super 2 into a Super 4 (except for a 4/10 of a mile stretch still controlled by the state). The city council, having been given control of that portion of SR-90, decided that they no longer wanted it to be called a freeway, so they've renamed it and have removed all references to the term "freeway" from local signs, including removing the "Freeway Entrance" signs from its one controlled access intersection, Kellogg Dr.

[SHC 253.1] Entire route. Added to the Freeway and Expressway system in 1959.

• Cal-NExUS Exit Numbering: Route 90 East
• Cal-NExUS Exit Numbering: Route 90 West

Overall statistics for Route 90:

• Total Length (1995): 16 miles traversable; 25 miles unconstructed.
• Average Daily Traffic (1993): 24,000 to 77,000
• Milage Classification: Rural: 0; Sm. Urban 0; Urbanized: 41.
• Previous Federal Aid Milage: FAP: 2 mi; FAU: 14 mi.
• Functional Classification: Prin. Arterial: 16 mi.
• Counties Traversed: Los Angeles, Orange.

In 1933, the segment from "[LRN 7] near Vacaville to [LRN 7] near Dunnigan" was added to the highway system. In 1935, this definition was codified as LRN 90 in the highway system. This route ran from US 40 near Vacaville to US 99W near Dunnigan. It appears to have been unsigned in 1963; it is present-day I-505.

From Vermont Avenue at the eastern city limits of Gardena to Route 215 in Riverside via Santa Ana Canyon.

The relinquished former portions of Route 91 in the Cities of Gardena, Torrance, Lawndale, Redondo Beach, Manhattan Beach, and Hermosa Beach are not a state highway and are not eligible for adoption [as a state highway].

In 1963, this route was defined as "Route 1 near Hermosa Beach to Route 395 via Santa Ana Canyon."

In 1969, Chapter 294 changed "Route 395" to "Route 15" (present-day I-215).

In 1977, Chapter 919 changed "Route 15" to "Route 194".

In 1982, Chapter 681 changed "Route 194" to "Route 215".

In 1994, Chapter 1220 clarified the terminus as "Route 215 in Riverside via Santa Ana Canyon."

In 1997, Assembly Bill 1561, Chapter 945 introduced a discontinuity when a portion of the route was turned over to the city of Gardena. Additionally, a provision has been added to the law to allow a portion of Route 91 to be relinquished to the city of Torrance. This made the definition:

• From Route 1 near Hermosa Beach to Western Avenue in the City of Gardena.

• From Vermont Avenue in the City of Gardena to Route 215 in Riverside via Santa Ana Canyon.

In 1999, the state was permitted to relinquish the portion of Route 91 between Route 107 and Route 1 to the Cities of Hermosa Beach, Lawndale, Manhattan Beach, and Redondo Beach if the cities agree to accept it and the California Highway Commission approves (AB 1650, Ch 724, 10/10/99). This relinquishment was started in 1999:

• The portion in Redondo Beach (from Harper to Hawthorne) was relinqushed in 2001.

• The portion in Lawndale from PM 2.0 to PM 2.4 was on the CTC agenda for relinquishment in January 2002.

In 2003, the legislative definition was changed once again to make the route continuous from the eastern limits of Gardena. (Assembly Bill 1717, Chapter 525, 9/25/2003).

Route 91 was originally US 91, and was signed as part of the US highways system in 1932. Until 1964, however, it rarely ran as just US 91:

1. US 91 originally started in Long Beach at the corner of Pacific Coast Highway and Atlantic Blvd (this was the terminus of US 6, and the junction of US 6, Route 15, and US 91). When the Long Beach Freeway was constructed the terminus was move W two blocks to the freeway junction.

2. US 91 then ran E along Pacific Coast Highway (US 101A) to Lakewood Blvd (Route 19). This was part of LRN 60, defined in 1919.

3. US 91 then ran N along Lakewood Blvd (cosigned with Route 19) to Carson St, which turned into Lincoln Avenue. This segment was part of LRN 168, defined in 1933.

4. US 91 then ran E along Lincoln Avenue, cosigned with the 1934-defined Route 18. US 91 would run cosigned with Route 18 into San Bernardino; although by 1963, Route 18 had been trucated to start in San Bernardino). Originally, this segment continued E along Lincoln, Center Ave, and Anaheim-Olive Blvd to the junction with Route 55 near Santa Ana Canyon. This was LRN 178, defined in 1933.

   After construction of the US 101 freeway, LRN 178 was truncated on its eastern end to terminate at US 101. When this occurred, US 91 then ran N from Lincoln Ave (Route 18) to Orangethorpe along US 101. This segment was part of LRN 174, defined in 1933.

   From the US 101/Orangethorpe Junction, the route ran E along Orangethorpe to Santa Ana Canyon, along Route 14 (present-day Route 91). This was part of LRN 175, defined in 1933. Present-day Route 91 follows pre-1964 Route 14 W from the junction with US 101 (now I-5).

   From Santa Ana Canyon, the route ran NE cosigned with Route 18 to Riverside. In the early 1960s, it was signed as just US 91. This was part of LRN 43, defined in 1931. Riverside is the present-day eastern terminus of Route 91.

5. From Riverside to San Bernardino, the route ran cosigned with US 395 (and Route 18). This was also part of LRN 43, defined in 1917.

6. From San Bernardino, the route continue N to the vicinity of Hesperia cosigned with US 66 and US 395. This was part of LRN 31, defined in 1915.

7. From the vicinity of Hesperia to Barstow, the route was cosigned with US 66. This was also part of LRN 31, defined in 1915.

8. From Barstow to the Nevada state line, the route was cosigned with US 466. This was the remainder of LRN 31, defined in 1925.

As this 1926 map shows, it looks like US 91 was originally planned to follow the US 66 alignment to Needles, and then up US 95 into Las Vegas.

As of 1926, US 91 ended in Daggett, CA and did not reach Barstow; after following the current I-15 alignment south from the Nevada state line, US 91 diverged from the I-15 alignment at the Ghost Town Road exit, headed south to Daggett via Yermo-Daggett Road (and ending at US 66 there). In 1938, US 91 was rerouted away from Daggett to follow Yermo Road and the I-15 alignment, then along old US 466 (now Old Highway 58) west to First Avenue south into Barstow (to end at US 66/Main Street). In 1947, US 91 was extended south to Long Beach via US 66/US 395 and Route 18.

However, the current definition of Route 91 consisted of only two of these LRNs: LRN 175 between Hermosa Beach and Santa Ana Canyon, and LRN 43 from Santa Ana Canyon to Riverside.

Orange County

Has parallel (toll) express lanes from Route 55 to the junction with Route 241 in Orange County, opened in 1996. These toll roads are the subject of contention due to a non-compete agreement, which prevents the public transportation agencies from upgrading their highway or adding lanes without compensating the company. This resulted in a payment of $4M in public funds for the rights to ease a bottleneck along a 1,000 yard stretch of freeway just each of Coal Canyon Road. In order to speed improvements on this congested stretch of highway, the OCTA agreed on 4/19/2002 to purchase the 10 miles of toll lanes for $207.5M. Under the agreement, the Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) will assume the toll road's $135M debt, and make a one-time payment of $72.5M (which includes the $4M Coal Canyon Road improvement payment). Although touch and go in the state assembly, a bill authorizing this purchase was approved on 9/18/2002. (Assembly Bill 1010, Chapter 688, 9/18/2002)

In December 2005, the OCTA and the RCTC approved the addition of an extra eastbound lane, from the Foothill-Eastern tollway (Route 241) in Anaheim to the Corona Expressway (Route 71). Plans call for completion of that lane in two to three years. They also approved the planning phases of a widening project for one or two lanes in both directions between I-15 in Riverside County and Route 55 in Orange County. Board members also asked for more analysis on the possibility of adding four to six lanes elevated over the median or alongside Route 91 from I-15 to the Route 261. The agency eliminated from consideration plans to widen Route 55, into which Route 91 feeds, and to widen Ortega Highway (Route 74) in South County. Some of these items were submitted for funding from the 2007 Corridor Mobility Improvement Account (CMIA) allocations. The projects approved for funding on this route were the EB auxiliary lane, Route 241 to Route 71 ($71.4 million funded out of $73.8 million requested) and the addition of lanes from Route 55 to Gypsum Canyon ($22 million funded out of $48 milllion requested). However, there were two requests that were not recommended for funding: a WB auxiliary lane from Route 55 to Tustin ($47.5 million), and converting the WB auxiliary lanes to through lanes from Route 57 to I-5 ($36 million).

In June 2007, the OCTA outlined a 5-year plan for the use of the 2^nd Measure M funds that included adding lanes on Route 91 between I-5 and Route 57 and between Route 55 and the Riverside County border; adding lanes on I-405 between I-605 and Route 55; a new NB lane on Route 57 between Orangewood Avenue and Lambert Road.

The agency also agreed to continue studying controversial proposals for elevated lanes down the median of the existing highway, or alongside it, and a tunnel between Orange and Riverside counties through the Santa Ana Mountains (see Orange-Riverside County Connector below for more details).

There have also been mumblings regarding a direct connector between the Route 91 Express Lanes and Route 241. According to this page, they are currently conducting a feasability study.

In his 2006 Strategic Growth Plan, Governor Schwartzenegger proposed constructing freeway and operational improvements.

In 2007, Rep. Gary Miller, R-Diamond Bar, introduced a $390,000,000 bill in Congress to widen Route 91 and take other measures to try to decongest the heavily clogged route. The bill would allocate $221.3 million for an extra lane in both directions, from Route 55 to the Riverside County border; $65 million for a special interchange in San Diego County making it easier for northbound truckers on I-5 to go east on Route 56 (thus diverting those who head north, take Route 55 and then going east on Route 91); $56 million to construct an interchange connecting the Route 91 Express Lanes and the Route 241 Toll Road; $40.7 million for an eastbound lane from Route 241 to Route 71; and $7.1 million for added lanes for truck weigh stations. The earliest any of the bill's projects could be completed is by 2011. By 2030, daily usage is projected by transportation officials to swell to 450,000.

In December 2007, it was announce that in January 2008, the toll on Fridays on the eastbound 91 Express Lanes will rise to $10; this rise comes nine months after the boost to $9.25. It will be in effect from 3 to 4 p.m. This is an example of congestion pricing — additionally, the eastbound toll during the same 3 to 4 p.m. hour will increase from $4.95 to $5.95 on Wednesdays and from $4.95 to $5.70 on Thursdays. As of 2007, Route 91 was one of the most congested highways in Southern California. More than 320,000 vehicles use the freeway each day to commute between Orange and Riverside counties.

Riverside County

There are currently plans (TCRP #64) to improve the Green River Interchange to NB Route 71, including adding an auxiliary lane and connector ramp. (June 2002 CTC Agenda Item 2.1c.(1)). In August 2007, the CTC approved two actions regarding this project, specifically with Project #64.1 and #64.2. TCRP #64.1 would improve the Green River Interchange and add an auxiliary lane and connector ramp east of the Green River Interchange to northbound Route 71 in Riverside County. Project #64.2 would improve the Green River Interchange and add an auxiliary lane and connector ramp east of the Green River Interchange to northbound Route 71 in Riverside County. The actions that were approved were to transfer $590,000 in TCRP funding from TCRP #64.1 to TCRP #64.2 for Plans, Specifications, and Engineering (PS&E), to program $4,410,000 in new TCRP funds for PS&E on #64.2, and to update schedules. The overall project goal is to relieve congestion and improve local traffic circulation on Route 91 in the area of Green River Road and Route 71. TCRP Project #64.1 relieves congestion on Route 91 in the area of Green River Road and Route 71 and improves local traffic circulation on Green River Road in the vicinity of Route 91 by replacing the current 3-lane Green River Road overcrossing with a 6-lane overcrossing, modification of ramps, and local street improvements at the interchange. Project 64.1 was completed in 2007 with funds remaining in the account due to various transfers. TCRP Project #64.2 relieves congestion on Route 91 in the eastbound direction by adding a lane in the vicinity of the Green River Interchange on eastbound Route 91 between Route 241 and Route 71, near the Riverside/Orange County line, extending to the Route 71/Route 91 interchange near the city of Corona in Riverside County. This project should complete in FY11/12.

There is a significant project to reconstruct the Route 91/I-215/Route 60 interchange. Details may be found here. The project includes rebuilding the Spruce Street bridge; relocating the existing eastbound on-ramp to Route 60 from Orange Street to Main Street; and widening the existing highway undercrossing bridges at University Avenue, Mission Inn Avenue and Third Street. There are also plans to replace the existing southbound (to I-215) loop ramp with a direct freeway-to-freeway connector, as well as replacing the northbound to westbound (to Route 91) loop ramp with a direct freeway-to-freeway connector. There are also plans to remove the existing I-215 southbound off-ramp and northbound on-ramp at Spruce Street. These ramps will be relocated to Route 91 as an eastbound off-ramp and a westbound on-ramp at the new Spruce Street overcrossing bridge. The project will also realign East La Cadena Drive between 1st and Spruce Street, and provide a grade separation at the railroad crossing, as well as realigning West La Cadena Drive to accommodate the new interchange connectors. The Route 91 main line will be widened, and auxiliary lanes added between University and the 60/91/215 interchange. Additionally, I-215 (Route 60) will be widened from the 60/91/215 interchange to the 60/215 junction, including extending the existing carpool lanes from University Avenue to the 60/215 junction, and providing auxiliary lanes leading to and departing from the new freeway connectors. The existing I-215 (Route 60) Blaine Street, Iowa Avenue and Linden Street overcrossing bridges will be reconstructed to span the new freeway widening, and the existing I-215 (Route 60) Blaine Street, University Avenue and Central Avenue/Watkins Drive interchanges will be improved, including ramp widening. Sycamore Canyon Boulevard will be realigned at Central Avenue. The project will construct a new interchange at Martin Luther King Boulevard, and remove the existing El Cerrito Drive interchange. The existing railroad overhead bridges at Down Street and Chicago Avenue will be widened. At the 60/215 junction, a truck by-pass connector will be constructed from southbound I-215 to eastbound Route 60 and southbound I-215. On Route 60, the existing Day Street interchange will be modified. On I-215, the Box Springs Road interchange will be rebuilt with an overcrossing bridge. Lastly, there will be a a concrete barrier on northbound I-215 at the junction to westbound Route 60. This project has taken three years, cost over $317-million, and should conclude in Spring 2008. Caltrans officials plan to open two new connector ramps by the end of 2007, including one that soars 72 feet high and measures just over a mile long.

In January 2007, the CTC considered relinquishment of right of way in the City of Riverside, consisting of 5 segments (a mix of Route 91 and I-215) along La Cadena Drive from Malta Place to Spruce Street and from Strong Street to Spring Garden Street, and a portion of Kansas Avenue between Roberta Street and Spruce Street, consisting of reconstructed and relocated city streets, frontage roads and culde- sacs.

There is also a TCRP project that is adding HOV lanes between Adams Street and the Route 91/I-215/Route 60 junction. In January 2007, the CTC processed a request to reallocate some funds on this project and to update the completion schedule. The overall project consists of adding one HOV lane in each direction on Route 91 from Adams Street to the Route 60/91/215 Junction in Riverside County. The project also includes modifying the interchange, constructing retaining walls and soundwalls, and widening and reconstructing the existing roadway and bridges. Stage 1 of the project (Project #62.1) consists of widening Route 91 to provide one HOV lane in each direction from University Avenue to the 60/91/215 Junction. This project was selected in May 2001 as one of the pilot projects using Design Sequencing. The project was awarded in February 2004. The transfer of $16,300,000 from Project #62 to Project #62.1 is necessary to cover cost increases due to bid item quantity adjustments, unforeseen utility relocations, and adjustments to environmental and right of way mitigation for related changes. In order to fully fund Project #62, the Department is currently proposing to add $161,490,000 in Corridor Mobility Improvement Account (CMIA) funding. The final phase is now scheduled to finish in FY 2011/2012.

In 2007, the CTC recommended that the Corridor Mobility Improvement Account (CMIA) fund construction of HOV lanes between Adams St and the Route 60/Route 91/I-215 interchange ($157,198K). They did not recommend funding the Route 71/Route 91 interchange and connectors ($99,014K).

By December 2007, a mitigated Negative EIR had been received on this project, as the project will involve construction activities in an area that is habitat to the Stephen’s kangaroo rat, a federally listed threatened species. The project will also result in the disturbance of riparian habitat. . The total estimated project cost, support and capital, is now $232,777,000, provided by $24,263,000 in Regional Improvement Program funds, $3,700,000 in Traffic Congestion Relief Program funds, $47,616,000 in Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality funds, and $157,198,000 in Corridor Mobility Improvement Account funds. It is now estimated to begin construction in Fiscal Year 2010-11.

General

Freeway from Route 110 to Route 215; planned as freeway, never upgraded, between Route 405 and Route 110. The first segment (as freeway) opened in 1968; the last segment opened in 1975.

The SAFETEA-LU act, enacted in August 2005 as the reauthorization of TEA-21, provided the following expenditures on or near this route:

• High Priority Project #1176: Study and construct highway alternatives between Orange and Riverside Counties, directed by RCTC, working with local transp. authorities, and guided by the current MIS. This is more funding for the study of a Orange-Riverside County Connector (see below).$3,200,000.

• High Priority Project #1655: Landscape the south side of Route 91 at Bellflower Blvd in Bellflower.$200,000.

• High Priority Project #3175: Route 91/I-605 Needs Assesment Study, Whittier, CA.$12,800.

• High Priority Project #3339: Study and construct highway alternatives between Orange and Riverside Counties, directed by RCTC, working with local transp. authorities, and guided by the current MIS. This is more funding for the study of a Orange-Riverside County Connector (see below).$12,600,000.

Orange-Riverside County Connector

The Irvine Company has proposed stacking a freeway on top of railroad tracks through Santa Ana Canyon to relieve traffic on the Riverside Freeway. The 10-mile freeway would be built above a heavily traveled rail line from Interstate 15 in Riverside County to the Foothill tollway in northeast Orange County, running parallel to the Riverside Freeway. The result would be side-by-side freeways passing through the canyon that links Orange and Riverside counties. In 2005, the estimate for construction of a double-deck, elevated road would be $50 million to $80 million per mile. The cost to build a 10-mile, six-lane freeway could be anywhere from $360 million to $4.8 billion.

There have also been proposals to ease traffic by drilling a tunnel or carving a highway through the Cleveland National Forest. The tunnel proposal involves an 11-mile tunnel that would run from Route 133 in Irvine to Cajalco Road at I-15. A different tunnel proposed by the Riverside County Building Industry Assn. would cut through the mountains from Interstate 15 and loop back to the Riverside Freeway, where it would connect to the Foothill tollway along four miles of double-decked lanes. Again, this tunnel would connect to Cajalco Road, which turns into the Ramona Expressway and runs past the former March Air Reserve Base, one of the region's newest cargo airports. According to a 2005 report, two route options (for new relivier routes) currently under study call for building one or more tunnels from the I-15 Freeway – through the Cleveland National Forest – to Orange County. One starts at Cajalco Road in Corona and the other at Lake Street or Nichols Road in Lake Elsinore. Both tie in near the Route 133/Route 241 interchange in Irvine. Either route could have one continuous tunnel at least 10 miles long or multiple shorter tunnels. More information can be found here.

In 2002, motorists made about 250,000 trips a day on the Riverside Freeway. In 2005, Route 91 – which now includes four toll lanes – carries 264,000 cars a day. In 2020, there could be as many as 452,000. As the population grows, the traffic slows – down to 5 mph now during rush hour. The state has even gotten into the act; ACR 81, passed in 2002, calls for a study for such a Riverside to Orange County Transportation Corridor. The North County Times has an article on a commuter meeting on this route that explored five corridors: existing Route 91; the parallel railroad corridor to the north; Lake Street/Nichols Road and I-15 in Lake Elsinore to Route 133 and Route 241 in Orange County; Cajalco Road and I-15 in south Corona to Route 133 and Route 241; and the Ortega Highway (Route 74). Within each corridor, there are multiple options. Freeways, railroad tracks and exclusive bus lanes all are on the table. All told, there are a dozen potential fixes under study, all entailing a different mix of potential improvements. One final preferred fix is expected to be named in December 2005, when a $3.3 million study is completed.

According to the Orange County Register, a November 2005 study suggested that lanes should be added to Route 91 to ease congestion, and commuters should be encouraged to use the Route 241 toll road instead of Route 55. The report also recommended that an elevated roadway parallel to the 91 should be further explored and a detailed geotechnical study should be conducted on the proposed tunnel beneath the Cleveland National Forest to learn if the water table makes such a concept too expensive - and a reason to drop the idea. Specifically, the study suggested adding lanes to Route 91 in segments, up to three lanes in one stretch. Building them and other freeway improvements would cost $670 million. It is also suggested to reduce the tolls on Route 241 to encourage traffic to take that route. In compensation, the Orange and Riverside transportation agencies would build additional lanes for the toll road web. If enough added cars and trucks jump onto Route 241 and related toll roads, enough tolls would be collected to cover the reduced price of the toll. Widening the lanes and other changes could cost $470 million. There is also the possibility of creating a roadway just north of Route 91 for a four-lane, mostly elevated highway that could go over wildlife corridors; this would cost an estimated $2.7 billion. The tunnel approach, as well as widening Route 74, are currently cost prohibitive, and potentially geologically prohibitive.

As more details emerged, the plan proposed a freeway through the forest and a double-decking Route 91. Specifically, the regional transportation panel decided to recommend building those new roads, and add a few lanes to the 91, to accommodate the roughly 450,000 cars forecast to travel daily between the counties by 2030. The panel didn't specify whether the forest freeway, extending from I-15 and Cajalco Road to Irvine, would go either in a long, continuous tunnel under the Santa Ana Mountains or a series of short tunnels interspersed with overland highway sections. It would not be built entirely above ground through the Cleveland National Forest, however. If transportation officials wanted to put all traffic on Route 91, they would need to widen it to 22 lanes. The $10 billion preferred plan does call for some widening on Highway 91 in Riverside County, to match the number in Orange County, Rahimian said. With those improvements in place, officials could accommodate the forecast growth either by constructing a six-lane elevated highway over the 91, or punching a six-lane freeway through the forest. Cost projections include $6 billion for the forest-tunnel highway. The Corona elevated highway's price tag is pegged at $2.7 billion. [The] second deck would partially cover Route 91 and would run between I-15 and Route 241 toll road in Orange County. It would empty directly onto Route 241.

The segment of Route 91 from the western city limits of Gardena to Route 710 is offically named the "Gardena Freeway". It was named by Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 16, Chapter 35, in 1991. Gardena refers to the city of Gardena, which was derived from "garden" and was applied to the subdivision in the 1880s.

Before 1991, the 4.7mi segment W of Route 710 had been named the "Redondo Beach Freeway" (named by the State Highway Commission). It was named because it traverses the City of Redondo Beach, CA, which was founded in 1881 and apparently named after the adjoining Ranch Sausal Redondo (round willow grove).

Additionally, the portion of Route 91 in the City of Compton from Alameda Road to Central Avenue is named the "Willard H. Murray" Freeway. Willard H. Murray was a member of the state assembly, an engineer at TRW, a congressional aide to Mervyn Dymally, and a past chair of the Legislative Black Caucus. He established the first institute of the preservation of jazz as an art form at Cal State Long Beach. Named by Assembly Concurrent Resolution 78, Chapter 135, in 1997.

The segment of Route 91 from Route 5 in Fullerton to Route 710 is named the "Artesia Freeway". Named by Assembly Concurrent Resolution, Chapter 148 in 1970.

Bridge 53-958 on I-110, the I-110/Route 91 interchange, is named the "Edmond J. Russ Interchange". It was built in 1985, and was named by Assembly Concurrent Resolution 135, Chapter 162. [Note: According to the CalTrans logs, this bridge is actually on Route 110; thus the named interchange is at the Route 110/Route 91 junction.] Ed Russ is a former mayor of Gardena; during his term (which ended in 1982) he was able to push for the extension of the then Redondo Beach Freeway to the Route 110. This extension relieved the traffic that plagued Atresia Blvd from the end of the freeway at Broadway to Route 110. When the extension was completed in 1985, it was given the legislative name in his honor, but it was up to the private sector to produce the funds to make and install the signs for the interchange. It wasn't until 1998-99 that a group of Gardena businesspeole and citizens, led by the Gardena Valley News, began a campaign to raise the money needed. The signs were installed in the latter half of 1999.

The Route 91/Route 55 interchange is named the "Mark Denis Melbourne Memorial Interchange". Mark Denis Melbourne was a fixture on southern California radio, giving traffic reports for four decades. He was regarded as one of the most respected broadcasters in southern California and was used as the "image voice" for KFI 640 AM. He was also a part-time communications instructor at the University of Southern California, and was regarded as having loved to share his knowledge of broadcasting with others. He advocated reporting traffic without panic and with caring, and was willing to help frustrated drivers avoid bottlenecks. He was also the unidentified voice on the monorail that ferries visitors around Disneyland. He died of a fatal illness in the year 2000 in his home in Anaheim Hills at the early age of 59. Named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 50, Chapter 104, on August 8, 2002.

The interchange at I-15 and Route 91 within the City of Corona in the County of Riverside is named the Officer Shannon Distel Memorial Interchange. It was named in memory of CHP Officer Shannon Distel of the California Highway Patrol, who was killed in the line of duty on August 27, 2003. Officer Distel was patrolling on surface streets at 4:15 pm on August 27, 2003, when his motorcycle collided with a pickup truck pulling a trailer. This naming is in recognition of the hazardous work, serious responsibilities, and strong commitment that Officer Distel willingly accepted during his six years as a law enforcement officer. Named by Assembly Concurrent Resolution 163, August 19, 2004, Chapter 151.

The segment of Route 91 from Route 5 to the Route 60/Route 215/Route 91 interchange is named the "Riverside Freeway". It was named by the State Highway Commission (date unknown). The first segment opened in 1958. It was named because it traverses the City of Riverside CA, which was named in 1871 because of its location on the banks of a channel of the Santa Ana River. The county was named after the city in 1893.

Additionally, the segment of Route 91 from Route 71 to Route 15 is officially named the "Corona Freeway". It was named by the State Highway Commission in 1958, and follows former LRN 77. It was named because the route traverses the community of Corona (Latin: Circle), which was named in 1896 because of the circular drive around the city; this was the scene of spectacular auto races 1913-1916.

• Cal-NExUS Exit Numbering: Route 91 East
• Cal-NExUS Exit Numbering: Route 91 West
• Western Exit Guide: Route 91 (Jeff Stapleton)
• California @ AARoads: California 91
• Finding US 91 (Casey Cooper)
• 91 Express Lanes: The authority running the toll lanes in the center of Route 91.

• 91 Express Lanes: The authority running the toll lanes in the center of Route 91.
• Roadgap: The Mass Grave: CA 7, CA 14U, CA 31 (and TEMP I-15), US 60, US 91, CA 195 (Cameron Kaiser)

• Riverside: Magnolia Avenue. It appears for the signage for this business route was gone as of 2007.

Commuter lanes exist for all of Route 91 in Los Angeles County. The eastbound lanes between Central Avenue and I-605 were opened in 1985; westbound between I-110 and I-605 in 1993, and between I-605 and the Los Angeles county line in 1994.

In Orange County, HOV lanes exist between 0.2 mi E of the Route 57 interchange and the Riverdale Avenue overcrossing. HOVs also may use the Route 91 toll road for free between the Los Angeles/Orange County line and the Orange/Riverside County line. All these lanes opened in December 1995, and are always in operation. Lanes also exists from the Los Angeles County line to 0.3 mi E of Stanton Avenue; and from 0.2 mi E of Gilbert to 0.3 mi W of La Palma. Construction started on these lanes in January 1997.

In Riverside County, HOV lanes exist between the Orange County line and Mary Street. The portion between the Orange County line and Magnolia Avenue opened in September 1992; the remainder (between Magnolia Avenue and Mary Street) opened in July 1995. In May 2001, the CTC considered an Agenda Item (TCR Project #62) to construct HOV lanes from Mary Street to the Route 60/Route 215 junction. In December 2004 and January 2005, a request was made to extend the project limits for the Route 91 High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes project (PPNO 0092A) in Riverside County to close the gap of the HOV lane in the eastbound direction, between Adams Street and Mary Street. In September 2005, the extension of the HOV lanes from Mary Street to the Route 60/Route 215 interchange was delayed. The original construction contract was awarded in February 2004 after nearly a year of delay caused by the previous suspension of allocating new TCRP funds. The need to reconcile differences between the bid package and the completed design has resulted in additional schedule delays and additional costs. The project is now scheduled to complete in June 2007.

All HOV lanes require two or more occupants, and operate 24 hours all days.

[SHC 263.5] From Route 55 near Santa Ana Canyon to I-15 near Corona.

[SHC 253.5] From I-405 to I-215 near Riverside. Added to the Freeway and Expressway system in 1959.

Overall statistics for Route 91:

• Total Length (1995): 65 miles
• Average Daily Traffic (1993): 27,000 to 271,000
• Milage Classification: Rural: 0; Sm. Urban 0; Urbanized: 65.
• Previous Federal Aid Milage: FAP: 59 mi; FAU: 6 mi.
• Functional Classification: Prin. Arterial: 65 mi.
• Counties Traversed: Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside.

In 1933, the segment from "[LRN 3] near Lincoln to [LRN 17] near Newcastle" was added to the state highway system. This was codified as LRN 91 in 1935, and the definition remained unchanged until the 1963 renumbering. This ran from US 99E near Lincoln to US 40 (present-day I-80) near Newcastle. This was unsigned in 1963; it is present-day Route 193 between Route 65 and I-80.

1. From Route 1 near Half Moon Bay to Route 280.

   
   

   	This segment is unchanged from its 1963 definition.
   	This route runs along Half Moon Bay Road and San Mateo Road. It was unsigned before 1964, and was LRN 105 (defined in 1933). Portions may have been 3rd Avenue.
   	Route 92 from Route 1 to Route 280 is named the "J. Arthur Younger" Freeway. Jesse Arthur Younger, born 11 April 1893, Albany, Oregon, graduated from the University of Washington at Seattle, 1915, and served in World War I. He was the representative from the 9th California Congressional District to the United States House of Representatives, 1953-1967. He died 20 June 1967. Named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 78, Chapter 188 in 1967. [Biographical Information from the Online Archives of California] Portions of this route were named "Skyline Blvd" by Resolution Chapter 46 in 1919. Historically, this route is close to the original "El Camino Real" (The Kings Road). A portion of this route has officially been designated as part of "El Camino Real by Assembly Bill 1707, Chapter 739, on October 11, 2001.
   	[SHC 263.5] Entire portion.
   	[SHC 253.5] Entire portion.

   
   

2. From Route 280 to Route 580 near Castro Valley and Hayward.

   
   

   	This segment remains unchanged from its 1963 definition.
   	This route runs across the San Mateo Toll Bridge. It was unsigned before 1964. It is LRN 105 (defined in 1933) to Route 238 (former LRN 5), and LRN 259 (defined in 1959) between Route 238 and I-580 (former US 50). When it was unsigned (i.e., LRN 105), it appears to have run along Crystal Springs Avenue and 3rd Avenue in San Mateo. On the EB Route 92 to SB US 101 ramp, the ramp momentarily widens to the point where it could accommodate 3 lanes (but is only marked for 1 lane). Then suddenly, on the left side of this ramp, the pavement simply ends. From this point and beyond, the ramp is only wide enough for 1 lane (and 1 shoulder lane). From a different angle, it almost looks like the pavement was supposed to continue and convert into a seperate flyover ramp, connecting eastbound 92 with northbound 101 (there's a cloverleaf ramp connecting these 2 freeways as of today). This is a remnant of a planned continuation of Route 92 (from US 101 to Ralston) that would have been farther south than the route that actually got built. Before it was finished, the interchange had a unique, goofy appearance: several ramps, including part of that one, were concrete supported by wooden truss structures. Route 92 from US 101 to the San Mateo Bridge used to have a totally different routing. The very elaborate bridge that now supports "Fashion Island Blvd." used to be part of Route 92. Traveling WB on Route 92 past the US-101 interchange, notice the guide-sign on the opposite roadway, telling you about the upcoming exits. That sign is a little farther away from its readers than is Caltrans' usual practice.. because the roadways used to be much closer together; further, at that point, you were driving uphill [from surface level up to the viaduct level] so that sign was way above you as you approached it. [Based on MTR postings by John David Galt and "Blue Plate"]
   	Freeway has been completed from Route 280, through San Mateo, over the San Mateo Bridge, to .5 miles east of the Route 880 junction, which is unconstructed at this point. The portion of (2) From Route 238 to Route 580 is unconstructed, but roughly parallels Grove Way and A Street. The routing is along Jackson Street, and it dumps into Route 238 at Mission Blvd. Caltrans has plans to rebuild the Route 92/I-880 interchange. Currently, the interchange is a conventional cloverleaf interchange, with collector/distributor roads on I-880. The new interchange will have 3 levels: I-880 at the bottom; Route 92 West next, with a left-hand ramp to I-880 South; Route 92 East at the top, soaring over both I-880 and the Route 92 West/I-880 South transition ramp. The project will take out business and/or homes west of I-880 south of Route 92, and either east or west of I-880 north of Route 92, depending on which alignment Caltrans picks. The San Francisco Bay Crossings Study, dated June 2002, had improvements to the San Mateo Bridge corridor as Alternative 3. This would be the addition of a second bridge to add additional lanes. Note that the current bridge is the 10th largest bridge structure in the world. Costs for the improvements and widening of the bridge run from $2.052 to $2.356 billion dollars. Contrast these with the costs for Alternative 4, described under I-380. The SAFETEA-LU act, enacted in August 2005 as the reauthorization of TEA-21, provided the following expenditures on or near this route: High Priority Project #2484: Reconstruct I-880/Route 92 interchange in Hayward. $1,400,000.
   	This route has HOV lanes on the westbound approach to the San Mateo Bridge, from Hesperian Blvd to west of the toll plaza, for a total length of 2.0 mi. They opened in October 1989 and were extended in 1992, with the EB end relocated from the Clawiter Road on-ramp to Hesperian Blvd as part of the San Mateo Bridge Widening project completed in January 2003. They require two or more occupants, and are in operation on weekdays between 5:00 AM and 10:00 AM and between 3:00 PM and 6:00 PM.
   	Route 92 from Route 280 to the San Mateo/Hayward Bridge is named the "J. Arthur Younger" Freeway. J. Arthur Younger was a U.S. Congressman. Named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 78, Chapter 188 in 1967.
   	Bridge 35-252 on US 101, the Route 92/Route 101 Interchange in San Mateo, is named the "Harold "Bizz" Johnson" Interchange. Congressman Harold T. "Bizz" Johnson, state Senator from 1949 to 1958, who served in the House of Representatives from 1958-1980, was instrumental in helping establish the Rails-to-Trails program. He also promoted water development projects and sided with consumer-owned electric utilities against the economic and political clout of big investor-owned systems like Pacific Gas and Electric Co. He also successfully broadened language in the Surface Transportation Assistance Act to allow bridges over highways, railroads and other physical features to qualify for funding under the Act's bridge replacement provisions. It was built in 1971, and was named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 42, Chapt. 155 in 1985. Bridge 35-232 is also named the "Leslie Charlene Curtis Memorial Bridge". This name was assigned by Assembly Concurrent Resolution 84, Chapter 129, in 1985. Leslie Curtis was killed in an auto accident at this location. Bridge 35-054, over San Francisco Bay, is named the "San Mateo-Hayward Bridge". It as built in 1967. It replaced an earlier bridge at this location.

Route 92 was not defined as part of the initial state signage of routes in 1934. It is unclear what (if any) route was signed as Route 92 between 1934 and 1964.

[SHC 253.5] From Route 280 to Route 238. Added to the Freeway and Expressway system in 1959.

• Cal-NExUS Exit Numbering: Route 92 East
• Cal-NExUS Exit Numbering: Route 92 West
• Western Exit Guide: Route 92 (Jeff Stapleton)

• California @ AARoads: California 92

Overall statistics for Route 92:

• Total Length (1995): 28 miles traversable; 2 miles unconstructed.
• Average Daily Traffic (1993): 17,700 to 107,000
• Milage Classification: Rural: 7; Sm. Urban 0; Urbanized: 23.
• Previous Federal Aid Milage: FAP: 26 mi; FAU: 2 mi.
• Functional Classification: Prin. Arterial: 21 mi; Minor Arterial: 7 mi.
• Counties Traversed: San Mateo, Alameda.

In 1933, the segment from "[LRN 65] near Coloma to Marshall's Monument" was added to the highway system. In 1935, that routing was defined as LRN 92, and remained unchanged until the 1963 renumbering. It ran from Route 49 near Columa to Marshall's Monument. This is present-day unsigned Route 153.

1. Route 77 near Moraga to Route 24 near Orinda.

   
   

   In 1963, the first two segments of this route were defined as "(a) Route 680 near Alamo to Route 77 near Burton. (b) Route 77 to Route 24 near Orinda." In 1973, Chapter 602 deleted the first segment, leaving only "(a) Route 77 near Burton to Route 24 near Orinda." This segment appears to have been LRN 255. This portion would have followed the east side of the Robert Sibley Volcano Regional Preserve, then paralelled Pinehurst Road to Route 77 near the Upper San Leandro Reservoir. Route 93 would have multiplexed with Route 77 between there and Moraga (where the LRN 255 portion would split off). In 1988, Chapter 106 clarified the definition: "(a) Route 77 near Burton Moraga to Route 24 near Orinda."

   This routing was proposed, with no routing determined, in 1963. It was LRN 254, defined in 1959.

   
   

2. Route 24 near Orinda to Route 80 in Richmond and Pinole.

   
   

   In 1963, this segment was defined as "(c) Route 24 near Orinda to Route 17 in Richmond via San Pablo." It was renumbered as (b) in 1973. In 1988, Chapter 106 clarified the definition of (a) and split (b): "(a) Route 77 near Burton Moraga to Route 24 near Orinda. (b) Route 24 near Orinda to Route 17 Route 80 in Richmond and Pinole. (c) Route 80 to Route 580 in Richmond via San Pablo and north Richmond." This also reflected the renumbering of Route 17 as I-580.

   This routing was proposed, with no routing determined, in 1963. It was LRN 254, defined in 1959. It runs roughly along San Pablo Dam Road.

   
   

3. Route 80 to Route 580 in Richmond via San Pablo and north Richmond.

   
   

   	This segment was created from a split of the original 1963 (c) [Route 24 near Orinda to Route 17 in Richmond via San Pablo] in 1988.
   	This routing was proposed, with no routing determined, in 1963. It was LRN 254, defined in 1959. It runs roughly along San Pablo Dam Road.
   	This is constructed to expressway standards. Note that Richmond Parkway (constructed by the City of Richmond), although it has callboxes signed "CC-93", is not part of the state highway. Those callboxes were placed by the County, not the state, and the highway is not up to state standards. The numbering may be because the route follows what was once a planned alignment. More information on the Call Boxes may be found on the MTC webpages. According to Sean Tongson, a Contra Costa County transportation improvement plan booklet indicates that some of the planned improvements include raising $17 million dollars to improve the Richmond Parkway; the reasoning for this besides improving traffic safety and maintenance include prepping for 'the transfer of ownership to the California Department of Transportation'.
   	Richmond Parkway Exit List

Route 93 was not defined as part of the initial state signage of routes in 1934. It is unclear what (if any) route was signed as Route 93 between 1934 and 1964.

[SHC 253.1] Entire route, all of which are unconstructed. Added to the Freeway and Expressway system in 1959.

Overall statistics for Route 93:

• Total Length (1995): 19 miles unconstructed.
• Milage Classification: Rural: 5; Sm. Urban 0; Urbanized: 14.
• Counties Traversed: Contra Costa.

In 1933, the segment from "[LRN 65] near Cool via Georgetown to [LRN 65] near Placerville". In 1935, this routing was codified as LRN 93 in the highway code, and the definition remained unchanged until 1963. It ran from Route 49 near Cool via Georgetown to Route 49 near Placerville. This was unsigned before 1964, and is present-day Route 193.

From Route 5 near San Diego to Route 8 west of Jacumba via Campo.

The definition of this route is unchanged from 1963.

According to Andy Field, the western end of this route was originally to connect to Route 163. It is unclear if this would have been an all Route 94 loop in downtown San Diego, or part Route 163 and part Route 94.

This originally ran along Campo Road, Federal Blvd, and Market Street (although it may have also run along Broadway) to Pacific Highway. It was signed as part of the original signage of state routes in 1934. It was LRN 200, defined in 1933.

In September 2000, the California Transportation Commission considered a $1.7 million phase 1 proposal (TCRP Project #87) for two new freeway connector ramps at the Route 94/Route 125 interchange. Total estimated cost is $90 million. This funding was extended in September 2005 as the project is ready to proceed. In April 2007, the CTC amended project 87.2 to orogram an additional $3,610,000 in TCRP funds for Project Approval & Environmental Document (PA&ED). This project will construct the ultimate two-lane freeway-to-freeway connectors from westbound Route 94 to northbound Route 125 and from southbound Route 125 to eastbound Route 94. The project will also widen Route 125 providing additional lanes from Spring Street to Lemon Avenue, and provide auxiliary lanes from the connectors to the next interchange at Lemon Avenue. The additional $3,610,000 for PA&ED was needed to study impacts to the large number of residential, commercial, and resource rich areas that will be impacted by this project. It is estimated that four years will be required to complete the needed environmental studies, complete the draft environmental document, circulate it for public comment, and gain final approval. The project is now scheduled for construction between FY 2012 and FY 2017.

TCRP Project #77 regarded an environmental study to add capacity to the Route 94 corridor between downtown San Diego to the Route 125 junction in Spring Valley. Currently, only the Alternative Analysis has been approved. The Alternative Analysis is to provide a thorough study of several alternative approaches to providing capacity enhancements. Study alternatives include, but are not limited to, reversible lanes, additional travel lanes (HOV and mixed flow), auxiliary lanes, and access improvement modifications. The environmental report/study will further evaluate the design alternatives from the Alternative Analysis. In 2002, San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) began development of an additional tax ordinance for transportation in the region, Transnet II. At the same time, SANDAG took the opportunity to study in greater detail both HOV lane needs and the development of Bus Rapid Transit routes throughout the region. As SANDAG’s studies impacted the Route 94 alternative study, the decision was made to postpone further work on the Alternative Analysis until final decisions were made by SANDAG. In November 2005, the San Diego voters passed Transnet II. With the Transnet II funds now available, interest in the Alternative Analysis has resumed in 2006 with SANDAG identifying several projects along the Route 94 corridor. The Department, working in conjunction with SANDAG, is now able to resume the Alternative Analysis study with greater knowledge of future improvements needed in the region and can proceed towards starting the environmental process.

In September 2007, the CTC approved a resolution to revise the project scope and update the schedule and funding plan for TCRP Project #77 – Route 94; complete environmental studies and construct HOV lanes from downtown San Diego (Route 5) to Route 805 in San Diego County. In 2002, San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) developed an additional tax ordinance for transportation in the region, TransNet II. At the same time, SANDAG took the opportunity to study in detail both HOV lane needs and the development of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) routes throughout the region. As the studies impacted the Route 94 alternative study, the decision was made to postpone further work on this project until final decisions were made by SANDAG. In November 2005, San Diego voters passed TransNet II. With the TransNet II funds now available, SANDAG, in conjunction with the Department, resumed the alternative study identifying several projects along the Route 94 corridor. As part of recent Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) updates, SANDAG has completed its HOV and BRT studies. These studies show a high priority need for critical HOV and BRT efforts on Route 94 between Route 5 and Route 805, while the Route 94 segment between Route 805 and Route 125 (the portion of original TCRP #77 limits) was shown as a lower priority need for HOV and BRT. To address the high priority need, Caltrans requested to reduce the limits of the project to the area between Route 5 and Route 805 only. The scope of the work would expand to include construction of HOV lanes and the implementation of BRT service from Route 15 to Route 805. It is anticipated that funding for the construction of the HOV lanes will come from a combination of local, State and federal sources. The schedule and funding for the segment between Route 805 and Route 125 will be addressed in the future under a completely separate project. It is anticipated that construction will be complete in FY2015/2016.

In November 2007, the CTC received notice of preparation of an EIR regarding construction of roadway improvements including adding passing lanes and upgrading existing lanes and shoulders to current standards on Route 94 near Dulzura in San Diego County between PM 20.7 and PM 38.9. The project is fully funded in the 2006 State Transportation Improvement Program, Congestion Mitigation Air Quality Program and San Diego’s Association of Governments Transnet Program. The total estimated project cost is $56 million. Construction is estimated to begin in Fiscal Year (FY) 2010-11.

The SAFETEA-LU act, enacted in August 2005 as the reauthorization of TEA-21, provided the following expenditures on or near this route:

• High Priority Project #1639: Resurface and construct truck lane at Route 94 and I-8 interchange. $2,400,000.

The portion of this route between Route 5 and Route 125 is named the "Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway". It was named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 67, Chapter 129, in 1989. Martin Luther King, Jr., (January 15,1929-April 4, 1968) was a seminal figure in the battle for civil rights in the United States. Martin Luther attended segregated public schools in Georgia, graduating from high school at the age of fifteen; he received the B. A. degree in 1948 from Morehouse College, a distinguished Negro institution of Atlanta from which both his father and grandfather had been graduated. After three years of theological study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania where he was elected president of a predominantly white senior class, he was awarded the B.D. in 1951. With a fellowship won at Crozer, he enrolled in graduate studies at Boston University, completing his residence for the doctorate in 1953 and receiving the degree in 1955. In 1954, Martin Luther King accepted the pastorale of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. In December, 1955, he led the first great Negro nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the United States, the bus boycott in Atlanta. In 1957 he was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. In the eleven-year period between 1957 and 1968, King traveled over six million miles and spoke over twenty-five hundred times, appearing wherever there was injustice, protest, and action; and meanwhile he wrote five books as well as numerous articles. He was named Man of the Year by Time magazine in 1963; and became not only the symbolic leader of American blacks but also a world figure. At the age of thirty-five, Martin Luther King, Jr., became the youngest man to have received the Nobel Peace Prize. When notified of his selection, he announced that he would turn over the prize money of $54,123 to the furtherance of the civil rights movement. On the evening of April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee, where he was to lead a protest march in sympathy with striking garbage workers of that city, he was assassinated.
[Biography excerpted from the information on the Nobel Prize site; more information is also available at The King Center]

Until 1989, it was named the "Helix" Freeway. This is named after nearby Mt. Helix, which itself was named after the local Helix species of snail. This probably has something to do with its spiraling base. The mountain's peak is 1,370'. Mt. Helix appears on the La Mesa city seal, and the name is applied to various landmarks and roads

The portion of this route E of Route 125 is informally named the "Campo" Freeway.

• Cal-NExUS Exit Numbering: Route 94 East
• Cal-NExUS Exit Numbering: Route 94 West
• Western Exit Guide: Route 94 (Jeff Stapleton)
• Exit Lists: San Diego Freeway Junctions (Phillip Erdelsky)

• California @ AARoads: California 94
• Caltrans Fact Sheets: Signalizing and Operational Improvements, Passing Lanes (Rancho Jamul to Honey Springs Rd), and Passing Lanes (Otay Lakes - Route 188)

[SHC 263.5] From Route 125 near Spring Valley to Route 8 west of Jacumba.

HOV lanes are planeed for this route between I-5 and I-15.

[SHC 253.5] From Route 5 near San Diego to 0.3 miles east of Sweetwater Bridge. Constructed to freeway standards from Route 5 to 2 mi W of Route 54. The portion from Route 5 to Route 54 near Jamacha Road was added to the Freeway and Expressway system in 1959. A revised designation (Route 5 to 0.3 miles east of the Sweetwater Bridge) was defined in 1992.

This route was part of the "Old Spanish Trail". You can see it on an early 1923 map at the OST100 web site. Campo on the map is now on Route 94. The 1924 and 1925 maps no longer show Campo, and by 1926 when the federal highways came into existence, Campo is replaced by Alpine (the US80 alignment).

Overall statistics for Route 94:

• Total Length (1995): 63 miles
• Average Daily Traffic (1993): 800 to 172,000
• Milage Classification: Rural: 49; Sm. Urban 0; Urbanized: 14.
• Previous Federal Aid Milage: FAP: 55 mi; FAU: 8 mi.
• Functional Classification: Prin. Arterial: 37 mi; Minor Arterial: 26 mi.
• Counties Traversed: San Diego.

In 1933, the route from "[LRN 38] near Camp Richardson to S end Fallen Leaf Lake" was defined to be a state highway. In 1935, that route was codified as LRN 94, and retained that definition until 1963. It ran from Route 89 near Camp Richardson to the south end of Fallen Leaf Lake, and was signed as Route 188 between 1964 and 1965. This was defined in 1933.

1. From Route 10 near Blythe to Route 40 near Needles.

   
   

   	This segment is unchanged from its 1963 definition.
   	This route was signed as US 95 after the initial state signage of routes in 1934. It was LRN 146, defined in 1933.
   	[SHC 253.5] Entire portion. Added to the Freeway and Expressway system in 1959.

   
   

2. From Route 40 west of Needles northerly to the Nevada state line.

   
   

   	This segment is unchanged from its 1963 definition.
   	This route was signed as US 95 after the initial state signage of routes in 1934. It was LRN 146, defined in 1933.
   	Note that there is a parallel AZ 95 on the Arizona side; directional signs near Blythe are provided by Arizona. AZ 95 runs from Needles North. Specifically, the road leading from Topock AZ thru Golden Shores AZ to Courtwright Jct (where it rejoins AZ 95 coming from the Needles bridge) was posted as AZ 95 until the early 90s, ADOT having taken over the road from the county. When ADOT found out that there was not clear title to the right of way (and that the Native landowners wanted some hefty compensation), the road was relinquished back to the county and AZ 95 was rerouted, with ADOT-furnished trailblazing in California from I-40 to the Needles bridge (specifically, all the signs for AZ 95 in Needles were furnished by ADOT; the I-40 signs were installed by Caltrans; and the street signs in Needles were placed by ADOT under permit). However, Caltrans does not permit trailblazing of AZ 95 along I-40 in California, because there is too much potential for confusion with US 95. Caltrans also doesn't officially recognize AZ 95's "hitchhiking" along I-40, but agrees that it's a better route than old AZ 95.

The current route of US 95 was originally signed as Route 195 in the original state signage of routes in 1934. In that definition, Route 195 ran from Palo Verde to Blythe (present-day Route 78), and from Blythe to the Nevada state line (present-day US 95). This was all LRN 146.

AZ 95 actually predates US 95 in this region. US 95 reached Blythe in 1940, but didn't enter Arizona until 1960, when it took over AZ 95 down to San Luis. AZ 95 was established from San Luis to Yuma in 1936, and extended to Bouse in 1938. In 1954 it was put on a more direct route to Parker, and took over a bit of AZ 72 in the process. It was extended north starting in 1962. It was also constructed south from I-40 in the late 60s, and finally finished between the two by 1970.

In the original state signage of routes in 1934, Route 95 was signed along the route from US 66 near Cajon to Route 7 (US 395) near Little Lake. This was later resigned as US 395, and was LRN 145, defined in 1933.

• California @ AARoads: US 95
• Finding US 95 (Casey Cooper)
• Roadgap: Vegas To Blythe: US 95 (Cameron Kaiser)

[SHC 164.15] Between Route 10 and the Nevada state line.

Overall statistics for Route 95:

• Total Length (1995): 117 miles
• Average Daily Traffic (1992): 1,500 to 5,400
• Milage Classification: Rural: 110; Sm. Urban 7; Urbanized: 0.
• Previous Federal Aid Milage: FAP: 117 mi.
• Functional Classification: Prin. Arterial: 25 mi; Minor Arterial: 92 mi.
• Counties Traversed: Riverside, San Bernardino.

In 1933, the route from "[LRN 23] near Coleville to the California-Nevada state line" was defined as a state highway. This route was codified in 1935 as LRN 95, and retained that routing until the 1963 renumbering. LRN 95 ran from Route 89 near Coleville to the Nevada state line, an was signed as US 395.

From Route 299 near Willow Creek via the vicinity of Weitchpec to Route 5 near the confluence of the Shasta and Klamath Rivers.

In 1963, this routing was defined as "Route 299 near Willow Creek to Route 5 near Klamath River Bridge via the vicinity of Weitchpec."

In 1965, Chapter 1401 changed the terminus to "Route 5 near the north city limit of Yreka via the vicinity of Weitchpec."

In 1968, Chapter 282 changed the terminus again, this time to "Route 5 via the vicinity of Weitchpec near the confluence of the Shasta and Klamath Rivers."

In 1984, Chapter 409 corrected the wording to "Route 299 near Willow Creek via the vicinity of Weitchpec to Route 5 near the confluence of the Shasta and Klamath Rivers."

Route 96 was signed as part of the original signage of state highways in 1934. Its original routing ran from US 101 at Klamath to Weitchpec along present-day Route 169, and then along the present-day Route 96 routing to US 99 (I-5) 9 mi N of Yreka. This was all LRN 46, defined in 1919. The routing was later changed (after 1934, but before 1963) to start at Route 299 near Willow Creek. The portion from Willow Creek to Weitchpec was LRN 84, defined in 1933. The 1968 change added a small portion of LRN 3 (1910) to the route as a result of a transfer from Route 263.

According to Dan Kilmer, "Route 96 is very well maintained between I-5 and Happy Camp, CA. (a distance of approximately 63 miles) and is becoming more and more popular with motorcyclists due to the beautiful scenery and very comfortable riding conditions (due to smooth road surfaces). In fact, Happy Camp last year hosted a second annual motorcycle ralley that is fast becoming popular. There is also a not so well maintained road over the Siskiyou Mountains from Happy Camp north to O'Brien or Cave Junction, Oregon and Route 199 that is also very scenic, although it is slow due to lots of tight turns and, in some areas, poor road surfaces."

Between Yreka California, and O'Brien Oregon, Route 96, together with US Forest Route 48, is designated as "State of Jefferson National Scenic Byway". This is in recognition of the once proposed State of Jefferson. Jefferson was proposed to be located in the mountain border region of what is more commonly known as Northern California and Southern Oregon. The State of Jefferson secession movement of 1941 was begun primarily to draw attention to the need of good roads into the back country to access vital mineral and timber resources for defense related purposes before the United States was drawn into WWII. For information on the State of Jefferson, see http://www.jeffersonstate.com/, http://www.stateofjefferson.com/, and http://eserver.org/bs/48/shaw.html. This appears to have been named at the national level.

Bridge 04-402, at Pearch Creek in Humboldt county, is named the "Henry Edgar Beck Jr. Memorial Bridge". Henry Edgar Beck, Jr. worked as a highway maintenance equipment operator and acting foreman for the State Division of Highways from 1926 to his retirement in 1965. It was built in 1974, and was named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 71 in 1977.

Bridge 02-156, at the Klamath River in Siskiyou county, is named the "Lyle H. Davis Memorial Bridge". It was built in 1970, and named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 127 in 1974. Lyle Davis died March 13, 1974, operating heavy equipment while pioneering a new road for Route 96 near Windy Point between Orleans and Somes Bar.

Bridge 02-177 over the Salmon River (Somes Bar) in Siskiyou county is named the "Carl Langford Memorial Bridge". It was built in 1974, and was named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 143 in 1974. Carl Langford was the owner of the Somes Bar Store and served as the local Postmaster from 1926 until his death in 1949.

[SHC 263.1] Entire route.

• California @ AARoads: California 96

Overall statistics for Route 96:

• Total Length (1995): 147 miles
• Average Daily Traffic (1992): 500 to 3,800
• Milage Classification: Rural: 147; Sm. Urban